International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women: Key Facts You Should Know.
Since 1999, the world has been observing the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women. For more details on how the statistics regarding violence in Ukraine have changed in recent years, the reasons behind this violence, and the legal consequences, read more in the article by UNN.
Every year on November 25, the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women is recognized worldwide. This day serves as an opportunity to highlight one of the most significant issues facing modern society. According to estimates from the World Health Organization, approximately one in three women globally becomes a victim of physical and/or sexual violence. This issue is also relevant in Ukraine, where violence against women remains a serious social and legal problem.
Statistics
According to statistics, since the onset of the full-scale invasion, the situation regarding domestic violence in Ukraine has worsened compared to previous years. For instance, in 2019, the number of reports filed with the police amounted to 141,814, with 1,068 open cases and 759 reaching the courts. In 2022, police stations received 244,381 reports, of which 1,498 were open cases, and 1,249 were submitted to the courts. As for 2024, as of October, the number of reports has "surpassed" previous years by 80%. However, despite the increase in reports, the percentage of those reaching the courts has significantly decreased. In 2022 and 2023, this figure was around 83%, but now it stands at just 64%, which is the lowest rate in the last five years. It's also important to note that these figures are not entirely accurate, as not all victims are willing to seek help from the relevant authorities.
Unfortunately, it must be acknowledged that one of the significant reasons for the increase in reports from victims of violence, according to experts, is the full-scale Russian aggression. Specifically, this relates to post-traumatic stress disorder, which is characterized by sudden outbursts of uncontrolled aggression. Nevertheless, the Ministry of Internal Affairs assures that they are working on integrating veterans into civilian society by implementing psychological rehabilitation mechanisms.
UNN spoke with representatives of the "Breaking the Silence" project, which is being implemented in Lviv Oblast by the charity foundation "Zaporuka" along with partners.
What forms can domestic violence take?
When discussing domestic violence, it is essential to remember that it manifests in various forms and types. The most commonly mentioned is physical violence, which includes not only hitting or pushing but any act of physical aggression. This also encompasses threats of physical harm that can instill feelings of fear and danger.
According to experts, economic violence is a significant issue as well. This occurs when a woman is forbidden from working or studying and is forced to become financially dependent on her partner. In such cases, the abuser controls every penny spent and may deny access to basic necessities. This type of violence is dangerous because it deprives women of the ability to make their own decisions.
Sexual violence is equally serious, where a partner coerces a woman into sexual acts without her consent or uses blackmail to achieve their goals. There is also an observed increase in reproductive pressure on women, which has only intensified during the full-scale war.
Psychological violence has a devastating impact on a woman's well-being. This includes constant humiliation, insults, devaluation of a woman’s achievements, and control over her relationships with friends and family. Psychological violence can also manifest through persistent jealousy and intrusion into personal space. This form of violence often goes unnoticed, but it leads to severe emotional trauma and feelings of isolation for the woman.
Causes of violence
The psychologist of the "Breaking the Silence" project, Vera Varenytsia, noted that there are many causes of domestic violence, but the most common include:
- Addictions
This can include both alcohol and drug addiction. In such states, control over one's emotions and actions weakens, making a person more susceptible to aggressive impulses and losing the ability to assess their actions rationally.
- Psychological and mental disorders
Emotional instability or immaturity of one partner often becomes a reason for aggression in relationships.
- Social stereotypes
Often, concepts of "patriarchy" or the idea that one partner has power over the other contribute to violence.
Being raised in a family where violence was normalized can influence the acceptance of violent behavioral models.
- Constant financial and domestic difficulties
These lead to conflicts that often escalate into aggression.
To escape from a violent relationship, the expert primarily recommends recognizing/identifying that this is indeed violence and that it will not stop on its own.
A crucial step is also recognizing one's own worth and true needs, understanding that one's "self" deserves respect, safety, and support. A victim of violence must acknowledge that they have the right to a life free of pain and fear.
Psychology emphasizes that support and assistance from relatives, friends, and acquaintances are beneficial for maintaining psychological well-being. In the absence of this, one can turn to law enforcement or crisis centers/rooms for various types of assistance, ranging from psychological and medical to legal and material help.
Moreover, one should not shy away from working with a specialist (psychologist/psychotherapist) to process this traumatic experience. This is a pathway to healing and restoring mental and emotional health.
"Exiting such relationships is a complex process that requires courage, strength, and support. It varies for everyone, as there is no single, magical algorithm. However, it is essential to remember that each of us has the right to safety and respect, and a life free from violence is entirely possible!" - noted the specialist.
How to choose a specialist for processing experiences in such relationships?
Choosing a specialist is very important, as support from a qualified psychologist/psychotherapist can help navigate these challenging circumstances. Therefore, Vera Varenytsia recommends considering the following factors:
1. Education and certification. It is important that the psychologist/psychotherapist has the relevant education and certificates confirming their competence.
2. Experience working with such issues. Inquire whether the specialist has experience working specifically with victims of domestic violence or traumatic experiences.
3. Comfort and trust. During the first meeting, pay attention to whether you feel comfortable with this person. It is crucial that you can openly discuss your feelings and are assured of confidentiality.
4. Reviews and recommendations. Sometimes it is helpful to read testimonials from other clients or obtain recommendations from acquaintances who have had positive experiences.
"Never hesitate to seek support and help; it is a vital step for your health and safety. If you or someone you know needs assistance - do not delay," - added the expert.
Legal aspects
UNN spoke with advisor and lawyer Larisa Velichko from the law firm GRACERS, who outlined the main steps for victims of domestic violence wishing to leave their abuser.
First, it is crucial to assess the situation and make an immediate decision. For example, if you realize there is a threat to your life - you must call the police immediately at the number 102 and, upon their arrival, provide a written account of your reasons for calling. If possible, the expert recommends leaving the dangerous location. It is advisable to think ahead about safe places and the quickest ways to get as far away from danger as possible.
Moreover, many cities have centers that assist victims of domestic violence. They typically offer temporary housing, psychological, and legal support.
A critical aspect is documenting the consequences of violence. This can include photos/videos of bodily injuries, elements of phone calls/messages; having evidence increases the likelihood of success in court. Consulting a doctor for a medical examination and documenting the results of the medical assessment of the injured party to obtain an official report on bodily injuries, their nature, and severity can also serve as crucial evidence in a court case.
"If you find yourself in such a situation, remember that you are not to blame; the abuser is not you. This is a challenge you will definitely overcome and emerge stronger from; just don't lose faith in yourself," - noted Larisa Velichko.
0The system for protecting victims of domestic violence in Ukraine
"In Ukraine, the system for protecting victims of domestic violence is ensured by a number of key laws and legal norms that help define the mechanisms for protection, support, and assistance to those affected," - noted the lawyer.
One of the most crucial aspects of the protection system for victims of violence is the Law of Ukraine "On Preventing and Combating Domestic Violence," which was adopted in 2017. According to the law, law enforcement agencies have the right to issue an urgent restraining order - a legal measure aimed at protecting victims of domestic violence. It is issued by the court and imposes restrictions on the abuser's actions to ensure the safety of the victim. The mechanism of the restraining order was implemented in Ukraine as part of the Law "On Preventing and Combating Domestic Violence" and is an important tool for protection.
This order can be issued by the court for a period of